sympathetic trunk การใช้

• The anterior divisions communicate with the sympathetic trunk.
• Each receives a gray ramus communicans from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk.
• Other fibers from lateral grey column neurons pass through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing there.
• The white rami carry sympathetic fibers arising in the spinal cord into the sympathetic trunk.
• Also, the ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic trunk have both white and gray rami communicantes.
• It is to my understanding that : Sympathetic ganglia connect to each other to form the sympathetic trunk.
• They are joined, near their origins, by gray rami communicantes from the lumbar ganglia of the sympathetic trunk.
• The nerves of the sympathetic trunk arise from the spinal cord in the autonomic ( or involuntary ) nervous system.
• The fibers of the sympathetic trunk above and below T1-L2 originate from white rami communicantes within T1-L2.
• Near the origin of the divisions, they are joined by gray rami communicantes from the lumbar ganglia of the sympathetic trunk.
• They are in the same region as the sacral splanchnic nerves, which arise from the sympathetic trunk and provide sympathetic efferent fibers.
• Chromaffin paraganglia ( also called chromaffin bodies ) are connected with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and the ganglia of the hypogastric plexuses.
• The ganglia include not just the sympathetic trunks but also the cervical ganglia ( mesenteric ganglia ( which send sympathetic fibers to the gut ).
• In contrast to their parasympathetic counterparts, sympathetic fibers do not synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, having done so already in the sympathetic trunk.
• Even though the sympathetic trunk extends below L2, there are no more white rami communicantes below L2 because the intermediolateral cell column ends before this.
• This portion of the artery is surrounded by filaments of the sympathetic trunk and on its lateral side is the abducent nerve, or cranial nerve VI.
• As the main vagus nerves continue into the thorax they become intimately linked with the esophagus and sympathetic nerves from the sympathetic trunks to form the esophageal plexus.
• The first and second, and sometimes the third and fourth lumbar nerves are each connected with the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk by a white ramus communicans.
• Once they synapse in the sympathetic ganglion in the sympathetic trunk, they exit the trunk as gray rami to join the spinal nerve and innervate the appropriate structure.
• Sympathectomy physically destroys relevant nerves anywhere in either of the two sympathetic trunks, which are long chains of nerve thoracic ( chest ), and lumbar ( lower back ).